1. According to the cephalocaudal growth pattern, which of the following would be likely to show fast growth first?
c. brain
2. Beginning in early childhood, girls have more ___ tissue than boys and boys have more ___ tissue than girls.
a. fatty/muscle
3. Leon is about a half inch shorter than his peers. It could be because:
c. his mother smokes.
4. What is the period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs in early adolescence?
b. gonadarche
5. In the United States, the average age of menarche dropped significantly in the twentieth century. What type of trend is this?
a. secular
6. Joe is a late-maturing boy. How will his self-image in his thirties compare to the self-images of his early-maturing peers?
b. more positive
7. Thirteen-year-old Jodi smokes and has a sixteen-year-old boyfriend. What might have influenced Jodi’s behavior?
c. early maturation
8. Janice is in her early sixties. How does her height MOST likely compare to when she was in her forties?
d. She is an inch shorter.
9. Although physical decline is inevitable in older age:
a. there is considerable individual variability in rates of decline in functioning.
10. Which structure is responsible for about 80% of the brain’s volume and critical to perception, thinking, and language?
b. cerebral cortex
11. What is the layer of fat cells that helps electrical impulses travel faster along the axon of a neuron?
c. myelin sheath
12. Specialization of functions in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is called:
c. lateralization.
13. What is meant by the “blooming and pruning” analogy of brain development?
a. The brain produces many more dendrite and synapse connections than it uses (blooming). Unused connections disappear or are replaced (pruning).
14. Adolescents are often characterized as impulsive and emotional. This behavior may be due to immature development in which area of the brain?
d. prefrontal cortex
15. Leonard’s blood test shows a major reduction in dopamine. The effect of this may well be:
c. symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
16. What percentage of infant sleep is spent in REM sleep?
a. 50
17. Which of the following BEST explains why life expectancy is longer now than in the early 1900s?
d. People today have better health care and nutrition.
18. Dr. LaRossa hypothesizes that as we age our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing. Which theory of aging does he espouse?
b. cellular-clock
19. Which health model purports that health is best understood by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors?
a. bio-psycho-social
20. a
21. Incidences of diseases such as bacterial meningitis, measles, rubella, mumps, and chicken pox have been nearly eradicated, due to:
a. vaccines
22. Adolescence is a critical juncture in health because:
d. the early formation of healthy lifestyle patterns can prevent or delay disease and disability in adulthood.
23. Health care professionals often interpret women’s physical complaints as:
b. emotional
24. a
25. Men have a higher incidence of __________ chronic conditions, while women have a higher incidence of __________ chronic conditions.
b. fatal/nonfatal
26. To prevent osteoporosis, women should:
a. have children before the age of 35.
27. Alzheimer disease is a type of:
d. dementia
28. Which of the following diseases is characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis?
c. Parkinson disease
29. The majority of the oldest-old are:
a. robust and active.
30. In general, research indicates that the quality of nursing home care is:
b. highly variable.
31. Addison was a breast-fed infant. Which of the following is NOT likely a benefit she will enjoy?
c. better psychological health
32. Rodin and Langer (1977) conducted a study in which one group of nursing home patients was given increased control over daily routines while another group was not. The main finding in this study was that:
a. more perceived control improved the lives of the patients.
33. While the incidence of marasmus and kwashiorkor in the United States is rare, infants from low-income families are at risk for low intake of:
a. vitamins and minerals.
34. The minimum amount of energy a person uses in a resting state is:
b. basal metabolism rate
35. Most effective weight-loss programs include:
d. exercise.
36. Some experts characterize addiction as a habitual response that can only be understood in the context of social relationships and experiences. This is which model of addiction?
b. life-process
37. Which of the following elements would be MOST important to include in a program aimed at adolescent drug use prevention?
b. foster positive relations between parents and children
38. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified __________ as an “invisible epidemic.”
c. substance abuse among older adults
39. One reason that alcohol is more lethal to a fetus than cocaine is because:
a. alcohol affects numerous neurotransmitters whereas cocaine only affects one.
40. How do researchers measure whether or not the fetus was exposed to increased testosterone levels during pregnancy?
a. finger length
